{"id":2221,"date":"2023-01-16T15:04:59","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T14:04:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/pisg\/?p=2221"},"modified":"2023-01-16T15:04:59","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T14:04:59","slug":"t-67-3-s-77-94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221","title":{"rendered":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities \u2014 the example of Bissau. Is an empty plinth still a monument?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Krzysztof G\u00d3RNY<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">University of Warsaw<br \/>Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies<br \/>e-mail: krzysztofgorny@uw.edu.pl<br \/>ORCID: 0000-0002-8088-3389<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ada G\u00d3RNA<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">University of Warsaw<br \/>Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies<br \/>e-mail: ada.gorna@uw.edu.pl<br \/>ORCID: 0000-0003-1591-7260<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>This article examines the fate of colonial monuments in Africa during the post-colonial period,  especially the monuments that the Portuguese erected in Bissau in West Africa. The discussion is preceded  by a detailed analysis of the sources that describe the iconoclasm of colonial monuments in selected African  cities and a thorough description of the field studies conducted by the authors in Guinea-Bissau in 2020. As  new African states replaced former colonies, the removal of European monuments in their capitals became  a widely discussed topic. Some expressly political colonial monuments were removed at the time of formal  decolonization, others have fallen down over the years, and yet others still stand. What distinguishes Bissau  from every other postcolonial capital in Africa is that, while all its colonial monuments were dismantled  after 1973, most of the plinths on which they stood have remained. These empty plinths are a symbol of  decolonization \u2013 sui generis monuments of dismantled monuments. They speak volumes about the nature of  the transformations that have taken place in recent decades. The new way of commemorating people and events  in the symbolic and political landscape of Bissau, viz. murals created on the grassroots initiatives of young  Bissau-Guineans, is also examined. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key words: <\/strong>symbolic urban landscape, postcolonialism, decolonisation, monument, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zalecany spos\u00f3b cytowania \/ Cite as:<\/strong> G\u00f3rny K., G\u00f3rna A., Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities \u2014 the example of Bissau.  Is an empty plinth still a monument?, Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 67.3, Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, 77\u201394, DOI: 10.48128\/pisg\/2022-67.3-04 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142o: 20.07.2022<br \/>Zaakceptowano: 5.12.2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/PiSG_67_3_str77_94_Gorni.pdf\">Pobierz ca\u0142y tekst w pdf \/ Get full text (pdf format)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities \u2014 the example of Bissau. Is an empty plinth still a monument? Krzysztof G\u00d3RNY University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: krzysztofgorny@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0002-8088-3389 Ada G\u00d3RNA University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: ada.gorna@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0003-1591-7260 Abstract: This article examines the fate of colonial monuments in Africa during the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,89,91],"tags":[609,833,1219,1715,2043,2555],"class_list":["post-2221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artykul","category-gorna-ada","category-gorny-krzysztof","tag-bissau","tag-decolonisation","tag-guinea-bissau","tag-monument","tag-postcolonialism","tag-symbolic-urban-landscape"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities \u2014 the example of Bissau. Is an empty plinth still a monument? Krzysztof G\u00d3RNY University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: krzysztofgorny@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0002-8088-3389 Ada G\u00d3RNA University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: ada.gorna@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0003-1591-7260 Abstract: This article examines the fate of colonial monuments in Africa during the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\"},\"headline\":\"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221\"},\"wordCount\":325,\"keywords\":[\"Bissau\",\"decolonisation\",\"Guinea-Bissau\",\"monument\",\"postcolonialism\",\"symbolic urban landscape\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artyku\u0142y\",\"G\u00d3RNA Ada\",\"G\u00d3RNY Krzysztof\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221\",\"name\":\"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2221#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography\",\"description\":\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne s\u0105 recenzowanym czasopismem wydawanym przez Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394","og_description":"Dismantling colonial monuments in African cities \u2014 the example of Bissau. Is an empty plinth still a monument? Krzysztof G\u00d3RNY University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: krzysztofgorny@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0002-8088-3389 Ada G\u00d3RNA University of WarsawFaculty of Geography and Regional Studiese-mail: ada.gorna@uw.edu.plORCID: 0000-0003-1591-7260 Abstract: This article examines the fate of colonial monuments in Africa during the [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221","og_site_name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography","article_published_time":"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napisane przez":"admin","Szacowany czas czytania":"2 minuty"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1"},"headline":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394","datePublished":"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221"},"wordCount":325,"keywords":["Bissau","decolonisation","Guinea-Bissau","monument","postcolonialism","symbolic urban landscape"],"articleSection":["Artyku\u0142y","G\u00d3RNA Ada","G\u00d3RNY Krzysztof"],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221","url":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221","name":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-01-16T14:04:59+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2221#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"T. 67.3, s. 77\u201394"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/","name":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography","description":"Prace i Studia Geograficzne s\u0105 recenzowanym czasopismem wydawanym przez Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/#\/schema\/person\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pl-PL","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl"],"url":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2221\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}