{"id":2728,"date":"2023-12-07T11:40:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T11:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2728"},"modified":"2024-06-13T11:43:08","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T11:43:08","slug":"t-68-2-s-165-187","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2728","title":{"rendered":"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Wida\u0107 zabory? Analiza zr\u00f3\u017cnicowania przestrzennego niewa\u017cnych g\u0142os\u00f3w w wyborach centralnych w Polsce w latach 2004\u20132019<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Can we see the partitions? Analysis of spatial differentiation of invalid votes in central elections in Poland, in 2004\u20132019<\/h2>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Magdalena SKORUPSKA<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Uniwersytet Warszawski<br \/>\nWydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych<br \/>\nemail: magdalena.skorupska@uw.edu.pl<br \/>\nORCID: 0000-0001-6489-1760<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The percentage of invalid votes in national elections in Poland, has not been studied as extensively as in the case of local elections. There are many research gaps in this area, starting with the description of the spatial patterns of this diverse phenomenon. This article has this main goal: to describe the spatial patterns of the percentage of invalid votes in the elections to the Sejm, the European Parliament and the President of the Republic of Poland in the years 2004\u20132019. The key of this study is a long-term analysis of the above-mentioned problem, as well as a look at the changes taking place in space-temporal terms. For this purpose, the methods of comparative map analysis, spatial classification and statistical analysis: Kruskal-Wallis and Student\u2019s t-tests were used. The most important conclusion from this work is the universality of spatial patterns of the percentage of invalid votes in the case of elections to the Sejm and the European Parliament and some differences in the case of presidential elections. The persistence of interregional differences is also noticeable, but we can observe strengthening of these differences in the case of parliamentary and presidential elections, and weakening in the case of elections to the European Parliament. The article also presents an explanation for the significant increase of invalid votes in the Bydgoszcz district in the 2005 Sejm elections, which was caused by the unusual design of the brochure ballot card.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words:<\/strong> elections, electoral geography, invalid votes, spatial classification<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zalecany spos\u00f3b cytowania \/ Cite as:<\/strong> Skorupska M., 2023, Wida\u0107 zabory? Analiza zr\u00f3\u017cnicowania przestrzennego niewa\u017cnych g\u0142os\u00f3w w wyborach centralnych w Polsce w latach 2004\u20132019, Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 68.2, Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, 165\u2013187, DOI: 10.48128\/pisg\/2023-68.2-09<\/p>\n<p>Wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142o: 13.02.2023<br \/>\nZaakceptowano: 27.09.2023<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PiSG_68.2-09-1.pdf\">Pobierz ca\u0142y tekst w pdf \/ Get full text (pdf format)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Niniejszy artyku\u0142 powsta\u0142 w ramach realizacji grantu Narodowego Centrum Nauki:<\/em><br \/>\n<em>[NCN: 2018\/29\/N\/HS4\/00792]<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wida\u0107 zabory? Analiza zr\u00f3\u017cnicowania przestrzennego niewa\u017cnych g\u0142os\u00f3w w wyborach centralnych w Polsce w latach 2004\u20132019 Can we see the partitions? Analysis of spatial differentiation of invalid votes in central elections in Poland, in 2004\u20132019 Magdalena SKORUPSKA Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych email: magdalena.skorupska@uw.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0001-6489-1760 Abstract: The percentage of invalid votes in national [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[3712,3714,3716,3718],"class_list":["post-2728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artykul","tag-elections","tag-electoral-geography","tag-invalid-votes","tag-spatial-classification"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2728\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wida\u0107 zabory? Analiza zr\u00f3\u017cnicowania przestrzennego niewa\u017cnych g\u0142os\u00f3w w wyborach centralnych w Polsce w latach 2004\u20132019 Can we see the partitions? Analysis of spatial differentiation of invalid votes in central elections in Poland, in 2004\u20132019 Magdalena SKORUPSKA Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych email: magdalena.skorupska@uw.edu.pl ORCID: 0000-0001-6489-1760 Abstract: The percentage of invalid votes in national [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2728\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-07T11:40:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-13T11:43:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\"},\"headline\":\"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-07T11:40:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-13T11:43:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728\"},\"wordCount\":374,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"elections\",\"electoral geography\",\"invalid votes\",\"spatial classification\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artyku\u0142y\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728\",\"name\":\"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-07T11:40:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-13T11:43:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?p=2728#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/\",\"name\":\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne | Studies in Geography\",\"description\":\"Prace i Studia Geograficzne s\u0105 recenzowanym czasopismem wydawanym przez Wydzia\u0142 Geografii i Studi\u00f3w Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4319a3afe6bdc41cb68a6f19904cf3d1\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/e3024a755c5fbc1ace38d4f982bb75ce5b72b96d086e4cc4797672a4e9b223c8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pisg.wgsr.uw.edu.pl\/?p=2728","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"T. 68.2, s. 165\u2013187","og_description":"Wida\u0107 zabory? 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